Journal: Heliyon

Article Title: AP-1 inhibitor induces ferroptosis via the PI3K/AKT pathway in multiple myeloma cells

doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34397

Figure Lengend Snippet: The PI3K/AKT signaling pathway is involved in AP-1 inhibitor-induced ferroptosis. (A) MM cells were exposed to T-5224 (20 μМ) for 48 h. The protein levels of p -AKT(Ser473), total AKT, p-PI3K (Tyr317), and total PI3K were assessed by western blotting. (B) MM cells were exposed to T-5224 (20 μМ) for 48 h. The protein levels of Bcl2 and Bax in MM cells were assessed by western blotting. (C) MM cells were exposed to T-5224 in the presence or absence of Fer-1 (5 μM) for 48 h, after which the protein levels of p -AKT(Ser473), AKT, p-PI3K (Tyr317), and PI3K were assessed by western blotting. (D) MM cells were exposed to T-5224(20 μM) in the presence or absence of 740 Y–P (20 μM) for 48 h. The protein levels of GPX4 and SLC7A11 in MM cells were assessed by western blotting. β-actin served as the protein loading control. The results are presented as the mean ± standard deviation (SD).

Article Snippet: An anti-β-actin antibody was acquired from Proteintech.Anti-total-PI3K and anti-phospho-PI3KCA (Tyr317) antibodies were acquired from Bioss Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China).

Techniques: Western Blot, Control, Standard Deviation

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Interleukin-10 deficiency impairs regulatory T cell-derived neuropilin-1 functions and promotes Th1 and Th17 immunity

doi: 10.1038/srep24249

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) Implantation of IL-10-deficient mice with B16/F10 cells resulted in enhanced CD4 + Foxp3 + Tregs in the spleen and tumor on day +15, as assessed by flow cytometry. ( B ) Measurement of TGF-β1 in NP-40-processed B16/F10 tumor tissues (described in the Methods section) obtained from WT and IL-10-deficient tumor-bearing mice. The TGF-β1 cytokine was measured using Luminex (Millipore Merck). ( C ) Among CD4 + T cells from IL10 −/− tumor-bearing mice, splenic TGF-β1 + Foxp3 + cells were increased compared with WTB16/F10 mice; however, differences in the tumor tissues and TDLNs were not significant. ( D ) IL10 deficiency down-regulated Nrp-1 protein expression in tumor tissues. Representative photomicrographs of B16/F10 tumors harvested on day 15. Left panel, representative immunohistochemistry images obtained using a microscope with a 20X objective. Right panel, statistical analysis of the mean IOD for tumor cell proliferation using Image-Pro Plus software. Nonlinear regression was performed using GraphPad Prism (San Diego, CA, USA). ( E ) Spleen Nrp-1-expressing CD4 + Foxp3 + T cells from IL10 −/− tumor-bearing mice were decreased compared with WT B16/F10 mice. Panels ( A,B,D,E ) Evaluated using Student’s t-test to determine statistical significance with *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001between experimental groups. The data are expressed as the mean values ± SEM from n = 3–4 mice. Panel ( C ) Evaluated using ANOVA, ***P < 0.001, ±SEM from n = 3–4 mice.

Article Snippet: Similar groups of mice were treated i.v. with either a rabbit anti-mouse TGF-β pan-specific polyclonal rabbit antibody (3 mg/kg; R&D Systems AB-100-NA) or an isotype-specific polyclonal rabbit IgG (3 mg/kg; R&D Systems AB-105-C) .

Techniques: Flow Cytometry, Luminex, Expressing, Immunohistochemistry, Microscopy, Software

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Interleukin-10 deficiency impairs regulatory T cell-derived neuropilin-1 functions and promotes Th1 and Th17 immunity

doi: 10.1038/srep24249

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) A high-affinity neutralizing anti-Nrp-1 antibody (described in the Methods section) was used to treat WT or IL10 −/− B16/F10 tumor-bearing mice. The B16/F10 tumor mass volume was monitored every three days after implantation. ( B ) The majority of B16/F10 tumor-derived CD4 + CD8a − lymphocytes were increased in the IL10 −/− mice after treatment with the anti-Nrp-1 polyclonal Ab, as assessed by flow cytometry. ( C ) Use of anti-Nrp-1 in IL10 −/− mice with B16/F10 tumors allowed the augmentation of a CD4 + CD69 + -activated T cell population in the tumor microenvironment by flow cytometry. ( D ) Neutralization of Nrp-1 in IL10 −/− mice implanted with B16/F10 tumors augmented CD4 + IL17A + (Th17) T cells in the tumor microenvironment compared with WT mice with B16/F10 tumors alone, as assessed by flow cytometry. ( E , F ) Numbers within quadrants represent the percentages of positive cells for a given marker within the lymphocyte gate . Anti-Nrp-1 augmented TDLN or tumor-derived CD4 + IFN-γ + T cells in WT or IL10 −/− B16/F10 mice based on flow cytometry. The bar graph shows data from a representative experiment (mean ± SEM; N = 3–4 mice per group) in which two separate experiments were performed. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001; assessed by pairwise multiple comparison procedures (Tukey test) and ANOVA.

Article Snippet: Similar groups of mice were treated i.v. with either a rabbit anti-mouse TGF-β pan-specific polyclonal rabbit antibody (3 mg/kg; R&D Systems AB-100-NA) or an isotype-specific polyclonal rabbit IgG (3 mg/kg; R&D Systems AB-105-C) .

Techniques: Derivative Assay, Flow Cytometry, Neutralization, Marker, Comparison

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Interleukin-10 deficiency impairs regulatory T cell-derived neuropilin-1 functions and promotes Th1 and Th17 immunity

doi: 10.1038/srep24249

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A,B ) Measurement of B16/F10 TDLN and tumor-derived CD4 + Foxp3 + Treg cells in IL10 −/− B16/F10 mice or WT B16/F10 mice after treatment with an anti-Nrp-1 polyclonal Ab by flow cytometry. TDLN and tumor tissue samples were processed as described in the Methods section. ( C ) Measurement of B16/F10 tumor-derived Nrp-1 + expression in gated CD4 + Foxp3 + T cells from IL10 −/− B16/F10 mice or WT B16/F10 mice after treatment with the anti-Nrp-1 polyclonal Ab by flow cytometry using micro-dissected and digested tumor tissues. ( D–F ) Measurement of TGF-β, IL6 and VEGF expression in NP-40-processed B16/F10 tumor tissues (described in the Methods section) obtained from mice treated with anti-Nrp-1. The cytokines were measured using Luminex (Millipore Merck). ( G ) Blood vessels stained with an anti-CD31 antibody. The images were obtained using a microscope with a 10X objective. ( H ) Compared with the control group, the tumor tissues of mice treated with the anti-Nrp-1 antibody showed much fewer Ki-67-positive cells. Left panel, representative immunohistochemistry images obtained using a microscope with a 20X objective. Right panel, statistical analysis of the mean IOD for blood vessels and tumor cell proliferation performed using Image-Pro Plus software. Nonlinear regressions were performed using GraphPad Prism (San Diego, CA, USA). The data shown are from one representative experiment of two independent experiments with the same results. The results were evaluated using ANOVA for the determination of statistical significance with *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 between experimental groups. The data are expressed as the mean values ± SEM from n = 4–6 mice.

Article Snippet: Similar groups of mice were treated i.v. with either a rabbit anti-mouse TGF-β pan-specific polyclonal rabbit antibody (3 mg/kg; R&D Systems AB-100-NA) or an isotype-specific polyclonal rabbit IgG (3 mg/kg; R&D Systems AB-105-C) .

Techniques: Derivative Assay, Flow Cytometry, Expressing, Luminex, Staining, Microscopy, Control, Immunohistochemistry, Software

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Interleukin-10 deficiency impairs regulatory T cell-derived neuropilin-1 functions and promotes Th1 and Th17 immunity

doi: 10.1038/srep24249

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) A neutralizing anti-TGF-β antibody (described in the Methods section) was used to treat WT or IL10 −/− B16/F10 tumor-bearing mice. The tumor mass volume was monitored every three days after implantation. ( B ) TGF-β1 from NP-40-processed B16/F10 tumor tissues was measured using Luminex. Dual inhibition of IL-10 and TGF-β resulted in significantly lower levels of tumor-secreted VEGF protein in B16/F10 tumor-bearing mice. ( C ) Tumor-derived WT B16/F10-derived Nrp-1 levels were elevated compared with IL10 −/− B16/F10 mice treated with anti-TGF-β or IL10 −/− B16/F10 mice by flow cytometry. ( D ) VEGF from NP-40-processed B16/F10 tumor tissues measured using Luminex. ( E ) The absence of IL-10 or blocked TGF-β antibody had a more pronounced effect on CD4 + CD8a − T cells in B16/F10 tumors. ( F ) Anti-TGF-β in IL10 −/− B16/F10 mice allowed for the expansion of tumor IFN-γ-expressing CD4 + (Th1) populations measured by flow cytometry. ( G ) Anti-TGF-β did not allow the expansion of tumor CD4 + IL17A + (Th17) populations in IL10 −/− B16/F10 mice measured by flow cytometry. The data shown are from one representative experiment of two independent experiments with same results and were evaluated using ANOVA for the determination of statistical significance with *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001between experimental groups. The data are expressed as the mean values ± SEM from n = 4–6 mice.

Article Snippet: Similar groups of mice were treated i.v. with either a rabbit anti-mouse TGF-β pan-specific polyclonal rabbit antibody (3 mg/kg; R&D Systems AB-100-NA) or an isotype-specific polyclonal rabbit IgG (3 mg/kg; R&D Systems AB-105-C) .

Techniques: Luminex, Inhibition, Derivative Assay, Flow Cytometry, Expressing

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Interleukin-10 deficiency impairs regulatory T cell-derived neuropilin-1 functions and promotes Th1 and Th17 immunity

doi: 10.1038/srep24249

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A,B ) Percentages of the different T cell subpopulations gated on lymphocytes (FSC/SSC). IL-10 was more important than TGF-β for increasing the CD4 + Foxp3 + iTreg cell population in the tumor and spleen microenvironment, as measured by flow cytometry. ( C ) The frequency of Nrp-1–expressing Foxp3 + Treg cells from WT or IL10 −/− tumor-bearing mice blocked with or without TGF-β1 was determined within tumors or spleens by flow cytometry gating on CD4 + Foxp3 + cells . These data show that TGF-β increased the ability of tumor-derived Nrp-1 + CD4 + Foxp3 + T cells to support tumor growth. Panel ( A ) Evaluated using Student’s t-test to determine statistical significance with *P < 0.05 between experimental groups. The data are expressed as the mean values ± SEM from n = 3–4 mice. Panels ( B , C ) Evaluated using ANOVA, *P < 0.05, ±SEM from n = 3–4 mice.

Article Snippet: Similar groups of mice were treated i.v. with either a rabbit anti-mouse TGF-β pan-specific polyclonal rabbit antibody (3 mg/kg; R&D Systems AB-100-NA) or an isotype-specific polyclonal rabbit IgG (3 mg/kg; R&D Systems AB-105-C) .

Techniques: Flow Cytometry, Expressing, Derivative Assay